PMC

Longitudinal decline in walking speed before a fall versus controls. The figure presents those destined to fall versus controls longitudinal walking speeds during the 3 months periods. As controls’ walking speed do not change over time, those who will fall experience a decline in walking speed of 0.1 cm s⁻¹ every week. Calculated regression lines are from the mixed-effect model results.

Cortisol patterns of six selected family triads. (A) A rise in the mother's cortisol is followed by an increase in the father's and then the youth's cortisol. (B) A decline in the mother's cortisol is followed by a decline in the father's and then the youth's cortisol. (C) The youth and mother show a decline in cortisol that is followed by a decline in the father's cortisol. (D) A drop in the youth's cortisol is followed by a drop in the mother's and then the father's cortisol. (E) The mother's cortisol rises slightly and falls, followed by a rise and fall in the father's and youth's cortisol. (F) A small rise in the father's cortisol is followed by a rise in the youth's and then the parents’ cortisol.

 Linear regression (r²  =  0.81; p<0.05) of the fall in [Na⁺] during exercise in one female subject in the study of Baker et al. The rate of decline is approximately 3.3 mmol/l Na⁺/l per hour when a carbohydrate/electrolyte sports drink is ingested at a rate of approximately 1.1 litres/h.

Total decline percentages represent the percentage of patients who fall in that category (e.g., adult onset epilepsy, over age 50 at time of evaluation) who demonstrated clinically meaningful declines in naming performance per established reliable change indices for epilepsy (e.g., 75%). The total decline percentages are then broken down into mild (5–10 points), moderate (11–20 points), and severe (>20 points) decline. BNT = Boston Naming Test.